Scope 2 Emissions
Accounting and reduction of indirect emissions from purchased electricity, steam, heat and cooling — using both market-based and location-based methodologies in parallel.
What Is Scope 2?
Scope 2 covers the indirect emissions produced by the energy a company buys and consumes — electricity, steam, heat and cooling.
The GHG Protocol requires Scope 2 to be reported under two methods at once: the location-based method, which reflects the grid a site physically draws from, and the market-based method, which reflects the energy contracts a company has actually signed.
The gap between those two figures is where renewable procurement strategy actually lives, and closing it is the work.
- Dual-Method Accounting
- REC · GO · EAC Tracking
- RE100 Aligned
Two methods. One defensible set of numbers.
From meter reading to renewable procurement decision.
Two Methods. Reported in Parallel.
The GHG Protocol does not let you choose between them. Each answers a different question, and both belong in the inventory.
Location-Based Method
Grid Average Emission Factors
Reflects the average emissions intensity of the grid a site physically draws power from, regardless of what the company has contracted to buy.
- Country or regional grid emission factors
- Physical energy mix of the grid
- Independent of purchasing decisions
- Mandatory for every GHG Protocol inventory
Market-Based Method
Contractual Instruments
Reflects the electricity a company has contractually chosen to buy, based on the instruments and agreements behind that supply.
- RECs, GOs and EACs
- Power purchase agreements (PPAs)
- Supplier-specific emission factors
- The basis of RE100, SBTi and net-zero claims
The GHG Protocol requires dual reporting: both figures must be disclosed, not just the more favourable one.
Energy Types Covered
Scope 2 is not only electricity. Every purchased energy carrier belongs in the inventory.
- Purchased Electricity
- Purchased Steam
- Purchased Heat
- Purchased Cooling
The GreenGoldTech Scope 2 Framework
Five modules covering purchased energy from raw meter data to a credible renewable procurement pathway.
Energy Consumption Mapping
Build a complete picture of every unit of energy the organization buys.
- Meter and invoice data collection
- Site and asset level consumption breakdown
- Load profiling across sites and periods
- Data gap identification and flagging
Dual-Method Accounting & Emission Factor Management
Calculate market-based and location-based figures in parallel, from traceable factors.
- Parallel market-based and location-based calculation
- Emission factor sourcing and version control
- Residual mix factors where instruments are claimed
- Contractual instrument tracking — RECs, GOs, EACs and PPAs
Data Quality, Validation & Assurance
Make every figure defensible before a verifier ever asks for evidence.
- Invoice-to-meter reconciliation
- Documented estimation methodology for data gaps
- Uncertainty assessment per site and per method
- Verifier-ready documentation and audit trail
Reporting & Multi-Framework Disclosure
One dataset, formatted for every framework that asks for it.
- GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance
- ISO 14064 verification support
- CSRD and CDP disclosure
- SBTi and RE100 reporting
Renewable Procurement Strategy & Reduction
Turn the gap between the two methods into a procurement plan.
- PPA and REC strategy evaluation
- On-site generation assessment
- Energy efficiency roadmap
- RE100 pathway modelling
Two methods. One defensible set of numbers.
From meter reading to renewable procurement decision.
Built for
Sectors where purchased energy is a material share of the footprint.
- Heavy Industry
- Data Centres
- Retail & FMCG
- Real Estate
- Manufacturing
- Financial Services
Close the gap between your two Scope 2 numbers.
Let's look at your energy data, your supply contracts and the distance between your market-based and location-based figures — then build the plan that narrows it.